What are the indications for capsule endoscopic examination?

During the examination, which uses the PillCam endoscopic capsule, the appearance of the digestive tract mucosa and the changes that occur there are assessed. Capsule endoscopy allows the doctor to determine the causes of recurrent or chronic digestive system ailments. The most important indications are:

• Unexplained chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss
• Iron deficiency anemia
• Crohn's disease or suspected disease
• Celiac disease
• Small Intestinal Polyps
• Gastrointestinal bleeding not diagnosed by gastroscopy or colonoscopy
• Diagnosis of damage after the use of radiotherapy or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

The procedure of a capsule endoscopy examination

It is extremely important for the patient to prepare for this examination. In order for the images of the tract to come out as accurately as possible, they must first cleanse their digestive tract. The person being examined on the day of the procedure is fasting and before swallowing the capsule, they should drink 500 ml of still water to increase the clarity of the image transmitted by the capsule.

During the entire duration of the examination, the patient is not allowed to eat or drink any solid beverages. Only still water, clear juice or tea are allowed. Preparation for the procedure also includes a special diet for a few days before it is performed and the use of laxatives, as is the case with colonoscopy.

he person being examined is required to provide the doctor with all important information about their health and medications they are taking. During the 12 hours of image transmission through the capsule, the patient can perform everyday activities. However, they should avoid devices that generate electromagnetic fields, such as microwave ovens, magnetic resonance imaging devices or radio transmission towers. After the examination, the endoscopic capsule is naturally excreted from the body. The endoscopic capsule is a single-use device and can be discarded after the examination.

Contraindications to endoscopic capsule examination

The endoscopic capsule and the entire examination performed with its help are safe, non-invasive and well tolerated by patients. However, there are several contraindications to the use of this innovative procedure:

• pacemakers or other medical device
• strictures or fistulas in the intestines
• significant disturbances of intestinal peristalsis
• pregnancy
• swallowing disorders

Types of Endoscopic Capsules

Several types of PillCam® capsules have been created, each specializing in examining a different section of the digestive tract. For example, the PillCam® SB3 capsule (SB, small bowel) has one camera taking 2-6 images per second, a wide viewing angle, and increased battery capacity. In turn, the PillCam™ COLON 2 capsule specializes in examining the colon, or large intestine. It has two cameras on both sides of the endoscopic capsule and a very wide viewing angle. The system optimizes its operation, saving energy before reaching the large intestine. Depending on the patient's situation, the doctor selects the appropriate PillCam® capsule before the procedure.

How does a capsule endoscopy work?

The endoscope capsule is a small, disposable device that the patient swallows. As it moves through the digestive tract, the capsule takes pictures that are sent to an external recorder, allowing doctors to closely examine the inside of the intestines.

What are the main advantages of capsule endoscopy over traditional endoscopy?

The main advantages of the capsule endoscopy are its non-invasiveness and comfort for the patient. Unlike traditional endoscopy, the capsule does not require anesthesia or insertion of a tube through the mouth, which significantly reduces discomfort.

Are there any contraindications to the use of capsule endoscopy?

Yes, there are some contraindications, such as intestinal strictures, fistulas or swallowing problems. Patients with suspected intestinal obstruction should avoid this test, and each case should be consulted with a doctor before making a decision.

How to prepare for a capsule endoscopic examination?

Before the test, the patient should follow the doctor's recommendations regarding diet and the use of laxatives. Eating should also be avoided for several hours before swallowing the capsule to ensure the best possible conditions for imaging.

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